Volumes & Issues
We are pleased to announce that the volume 7, no. 2 issue of SSSTJ is now available for download, please click at the journal below to start download.
SSSTJ - Vol.8 No.1, January 2021
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Calcium lactate as renewable filler of polypropylene: thermal, morphological and mechanical properties
Buncha Suksut, Paweena Khamsiang, Chanita Sinsawat, Nattarika Kesorn
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Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared with calcium lactate (CL) at various loading levels (10 – 40 wt%) by melt
mixing then injection molding. The resulting properties of composites were investigated by melt flow index, optical microscopy, differential
scanning calorimetry, tensile, flexural and impact mechanical tests. The tensile/flexural moduli increase with increasing CL content, while
the elongation at break decreases with increasing CL content. The highest tensile/flexural strengths and impact strength were found at 10 wt%
CL content. The crystallization of PP initiated at higher temperature as a result of CL addition. The smaller spherulite size with the
presence of CL provided the higher tie molecules, thus improving impact strength. The influence of the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene
(MAPP) as coupling agent on the properties of PP containing 10 wt% CL content was examined. The results revealed that the MAPP gave an
insignificant improvement in the final properties of the composites.
Keywords
Biocomposite, Renewable Filler, Calcium Lactate, Polypropylene, Crystallization
WNN : File Format for Neural Network Interchange
Anirudh Giri
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Abstract
A programming language agnostic, neural network library agnostic, standardized file format used to save an already trained
neural network model would facilitate the process of sharing or releasing said neural network model online in a simplistic fashion. A standard
file format for saving neural network models would include metadata about the neural network such as the number of inputs, hidden layers, nodes
per hidden layer, outputs and the activation function used along with the weights and bias values. Such a file can be parsed to reconstruct a
neural network model in any programming language or library and would remove a neural network model's dependency on the library it was created on.
Keywords
Artificial Neural Networks, File Format, Neural Network Model Sharing, Neural Network Model Saving
Germination and Early Life Stage Development of Lettuce and Carrot upon Exposures to Dissolved Microcystins
Van-Loi Quach, Thanh-Huong Tran, Thanh-Son Dao
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Abstract
Cyanobacterial mass development and their toxins have become an environmental issue recently. In this study, we tested the
effects of two crude extracts contained microcystins (MC), including an isolated Microcystis aeruginosa and a water blooms sample collected
from Dau Tieng Reservoir, Vietnam, on the seed germination, root and shoot prolongation and wet weight (WW) during the seedling of lettuce and carrot.
The MC concentrations were environmentally relevant, 1-100 μg/L and the experimental period lasted for 7 days. We found that both lettuce and carrot
seeds were suffered from the MC impact with a lower germination rate compared to control. After 4 and 7 days of the experiment, the root and shoot of
both plants were shorter upon MC incubation and the higher MC concentration applied, the shorter length of root and shoot was. The WW of lettuce and
carrot seedling was significantly reduced in exposures to MC at the concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/L. This study confirmed the potent toxicity of
MC from Vietnam waters at the environmental concentrations to lettuce and carrot. Bioaccumulation and distribution of MC in the plants are suggested
to investigate in the future.
Keywords
Cyanobacterial Toxins, Seedling, Exposure, Impacts
Rough Interior Ideals and Rough Quasi-Ideals in Approximation Spaces of Semigroups under Preorder and Compatible Relations
Rukchart Prasertpong, Sasisophit Buada
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Abstract
In this paper, a rough interior ideal and a rough quasi-ideal in an approximation space of a semigroup under a preorder and compatible
relation are proposed. As introduced above, corresponding examples are presented. Next, we provide a sufficient condition for the rough interior ideal
(resp., rough quasi-ideal). Finally, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a homomorphic image of the rough interior ideal (resp., rough quasi-ideal).
Keywords
Rough Interior Ideal, Rough Quasi-Ideal, Approximation Space, Semigroup, Preorder and Compatible Relation
Modification of Leaf Blower-vac (Grizzly ELS 2500/8) for Sampling Arthropods in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) Field
Hemen Agere, Emmanuel Okrikata, Samuel Peter Malu, Adepoju Isaiah Olusesan
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Abstract
Grizzly ELS 2500/8 blower-vac was remodeled for arthropod suction sampling and possibly as a non-chemical pest management tool using
readily available materials. With an installed intake nozzle (area 0.0020 m2), the modified sampler was used in conjunction with a sampling enclosure
(area 0.0707 m2) for sampling arthropods associated with watermelon across 20 samples with 6 sub-samples each using 120 and 20 seconds sampling duration,
respectively. Results indicated that overall, 427 individuals were collected across 10 arthropod orders and that about 3⁄4 of the samples were extracted
within the 1st sub-sampling duration. Overall, the efficiency and effectiveness of the modified machine were attributed to its lightweight, smaller intake
nozzle diameter, high proportion of arthropods extracted vis-à-vis sampling duration, and easier constructability vis-à-vis previously reported ones
. Additionally, cost implication was cheaper than the cost of many conventional suction samplers, particularly, the popular Dietrick vacuum (D-vac).
Hence, it is recommended for use as a suitable alternative, particularly, by researchers and farmers in developing countries who may not be able to
afford other more expensive suction machines.
Keywords
Suction enclosure, Suction duration, Suction sampling
SSSTJ - Vol.7 No.2, July 2020
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Two New Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations without Derivative
Jirawat Kantalo, Sa-at Muangchan, Supunnee Sompong
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Abstract
In this paper, we propose two new iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations with one variable without derivative.
In convergence theory, the two new iterative methods have second and third order convergence. Some numerical experiments show that the two
new derivative free iterative methods outperform the several other existing methods.
Keywords
Non-linear Equations, Order of Convergence, Derivative Free Method
The preparation of hybrid material of cobalt complex into mesoporous silica from the rice husk
Pornpan Tana, Netchanok Jansawang, and Patcharaporn Pimchan
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Abstract
A luminescence hybrid material, Bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)cobalt(II) (Co(8hq)2), was incorporated into the mesoporous silica.
To study the preparation of mesoporous silica from rice husk and the development of fluorescence efficiency. The mesoporous silica was
prepared by swelling-shrinking mechanism which used the sodium silicate from rice husk as the precursor. The hybrid materials were prepared
by solid-state reaction at room temperature with two different routes; the first one was the hybrid material processes via the in situ
formation of cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate (CoCl26H2O) as well as 8hq into the mesoporous silica (MCM) mixed ground (MCM_Co(8hq)2) and
the another one was step by step ground of the mesoporous silica, cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate and 8hq (MCMCo(II)_8hq). The hybrid
materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, AAS, as well as PL. The FT-IR spectra showed the 8hq characteristic at 820, 786, 784,
and 747 cm-1 that all of the FT- IR spectra shifted to higher frequencies of free 8hq (815, 778, and 739 cm-1), confirming the coordination
between cobalt(II) cation and 8-hydroxyquinoline. The excellent photoluminescence of MCM_Co(8hq)2 revealed at 484 nm and MCMCo(II)_8hq
demonstrated blue-shifted peak at 474 nm in this comparison, indicating that the formation of different nanostructures and/or packing of
bis (8-hydroxyquinoline)cobalt(II) were formed into the mesoporous silica.
Keywords
Hybrid material, Mesoporous silica, Bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)cobalt(II), Rice husk
Numerical Approximations of Fredholm-Volterra Integral Equation of 2nd kind using Galerkin and Collocation Methods
Hasib Uddin Molla, Goutam Saha
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Abstract
Galerkin and collocation approximation techniques are very effective and popular among researchers for numerical
approximations of different types of differential, integral and integro-differential equations. Both methods approximate the solution by
a finite sum of some known polynomials. In recent years, researchers around the world have been used different combinations of polynomials
and collocation points in Galerkin and collocation methods for numerical approximations of different types of integral equations. Also,
collocation method have been used more frequently compared to the Galerkin method. In this research, five different polynomials in Galerkin
method and five different combinations of polynomials and collocation points in collocation method have been used for numerical
approximations of linear FVIE of 2nd kind.It is found that the performances of different polynomials and collocation points in both these
methods are consistent.
Keywords
Fredholm-Volterra integral equations, Galerkin method, collocation method, polynomials.
GIS-based Site Analysis for Selecting Suitable Sites of Waste-to-energy Plants in Pathumthani
Vivian Chullamon, Wanwisa Skolpap
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Abstract
In response to cumulative municipal waste problem in Pathumthani, a waste-to-energy electric power plant is selected
as waste management approach. This study aims at assessing waste-to-energy power plant potential zones in Pathumthani using Geographic
Information System (GIS). GIS data collection depends on all 12 factors considered in this study as follows: the distances from power
plant site to communities, to industrial areas, to power lines, to power stations, to waterworks stations, to hospitals, to education
institutes, to main water resources, to accessible roads, to railways, to airports and the risk of flooding. After multiple layers of
information have been generated as a single map using GIS, the suitable power plant locations are defined on the basis of the ordered
weighted averaging (OWA) technique. Color-coded symbology is applied to the maps to differentiate suitable/unsuitable areas for power
plant establishment. Considering proportions of suitable areas of each of the seven districts to the total area of the province, the most
suitable district is Klong Luang, followed by Nongsua, Lamlukka, Ladlumkaew, Muang Pathumthani, Thanyaburi, and Samkok districts,
respectively. This analysis approach should be further developed and applied to other areas.
Keywords
Waste-to-energy power plant, Location suitability analysis, Pathumthani, GIS
A Polymeric Coating on Prelithiated Silicon-Based Nanoparticles for High Capacity Anodes used in Li-ion Batteries
Natthaphong Kamma, Yutthanakon Kanaphan, Sunisa Buakeaw, Songyoot Kaewmala, Chirapan Chaikawang, Jeffrey Nash, Sutham Srilomsak, Nonglak Meethong
Full Text
Abstract
Silicon is a promising candidate anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity
of 4,200 mAh g-1 and low discharge potential. However, a high irreversible capacity loss due to a solid electrolyte interphase formation
on the surface of Si anodes during the 1st cycle limits its practical applications. Prelithiation is considered an attractive method that
can be used to compensate for the active lithium losses during the 1st cycle. Surface oxidation to Li2O when the material comes into contact
with moisture and oxygen during electrode fabrication is a main obstacle, leading to poor electrochemical stability. In this work the surface
stability of prelithiated Si-based nanoparticles was modified via a polymeric nano-coating method. The results demonstrate that coating with
1-fluorooctane is an effective strategy to mitigate irreversible capacity loss and provide electrochemical stability for high performance
next generation lithium ion batteries.
Keywords
Lithium ion batteries, Silicon, Prelithiation
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Battery Waste Leachates to Daphnia magna
Van-Tai Nguyen, The-Ton Phan, Thi-My-Chi Vo, Thanh-Luu Pham, Manh - Ha Bui, Thanh - Son Dao
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Abstract
In developing countries, e-waste battery treatment and management is a severe problem. Most batteries contain heavy metals,
but some can contain very toxic heavy metals such as mercury that can be hazardous to the environment. The current investigation aims to
evaluate both the acute and chronic effects of the leachates from two cells (named Con O and Maxell) that are commonly used in Vietnam on
the micro-crustacean Daphnia magna. The median lethal concentrations at 24h and 48h (LC50) of the D. magna exposed to leachate from Con O
cell were 150 and 100 mg/l, respectively. The 24h- and 48h-LC50 values of the Maxell cell to the animals were 100 and 70 mg/l, respectively.
Therefore, the toxicity of the leachates from the Maxell battery was more severe than that of Con O based on the 24h- and 48h-LC50 values.
Moreover, the life-history traits of the D. magna such as survivorship, maturation or reproduction, were detrimentally impacted including
mass mortality, delayed maturation and reproductive inhibition, when the animals exposed to the leachates from both batteries at the
concentrations ranged from 1 to 50 mg/l over the period of 2 weeks. Overall, this study could provide useful information on the ecological
and environmental risk caused by untreated batteries to the environment, or even contribute to changing a sense of civic responsibility
on economically using, recycling, waste management and treatment related to cells.
Keywords
Negative effects, Battery leachates, Life history traits, Daphnia magna
PM 2.5 Reduction by Installation of Façade with Broad Leaf and Narrow Leaf Plant
Akarat Panrae, Atch Sreshthaputra
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Abstract
PM 2.5 has been an important issue for living in a city due to its negative health impact. PM 2.5 reduction by green
facade was studied in this experiment. The steel facade with 3.70 x 2.50 m was installed at the front of the model room which located near
the 4 lanes road. Broad leaf and narrow leaf plant as Epipremnum aureum and Chlorophytum comosum were attached to the facade for 2 weeks.
The inside and outside air quality of the model room as PM 2.5, temperature, relative humidity were hourly observed. The result showed that
the installation of a facade or green facade could significantly reduce PM 2.5 and heat through the model room via shading and plant
evapotranspiration. Both Epipremnum aureum and Chlorophytum comosum gave better PM 2.5 reduction than steel facade which corresponding to
the leaf area index (LAI) during the experiment.
Keywords
Façade, PM 2.5, Broad leaf plant, Narrow leaf plant, Green façade
Design of Plastic Medical Tray: A Case Study of Orthopaedic Implant Packaging
Nattapon Chantarapanich, Tamnuwat Valeeprakhon, Sujin Wanchat, Melvin Stanley Veerasakul
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Abstract
The plastic medical tray is commonly used for medical device packagings such as the implant or surgical instruments. The
tray can be undergone gamma-ray exposure to sterilizing the medical devices inside. The tray keeps medical devices free from micro-living
organisms and protects them from contaminated external environments. The plastic sheet is usually used for producing the tray which turns
into a final tray shape using thermoforming. During the tray design process, factors such as the dimension of medical devices, ergonomics,
and strength, have to be taken into consideration. Computer-Aided Design/Three-dimensional Printing (CAD/3DP) technologies were applied for
verification of the tray geometry whereas finite element methods are applied for strength analysis. Three-dimensional (3D) models of the tray,
which are referenced from the dimension of medical device, were 3D printed to test ergonomics for operating room (OR) nurses handling. After that,
3D models were evaluated the strength to ensure safety during delivery. From the analysis, the geometry of the tray was appropriate for handling
with sufficient strength. The bottom corner of the tray is a critical point since it presents a high-stress magnitude. The load of 54.6 kg-f
deforms the tray was less than 0.5-mm, confirming the vertical stack storage.
Keywords
Plastic Medical Tray, Medical Device, Packaging Design, Packaging Analysis
SSSTJ - Vol.7 No.1, January 2020
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Selective Material for Vanillin
Thitiporn Pengkamta, Molthicha Mala, Chanapa Klakasikit, Patcharawan Kanawuttikorn, Pornanan Boonkorn, Angkana Chuaejedton, Weeranuch Karuehanon
Full Text
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using vanillin (Val) as a template molecule were synthesized and evaluated.
MIPs were prepared by precipitation polymerization using various types of functional monomers with using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
(EGDMA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as cross linkers and polymerization was done at 80°C for 6 h. The binding efficiency
of polymers was evaluated including types of monomers, binding time and reusability. Results showed that methacrylic acid was the selective
monomer for vanillin and the highest performance of MIPs, which including the binding efficiency and selectivity, was obtained when bound
polymer with vanillin for only 2 h and could be reused as least five times.
Keywords
Vanillin, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer, Selective Material
The Effect of Extraction Methods on Phenolic, Anthocyanin, and Antioxidant Activities of Riceberry Bran
Supatchalee Sirichokworrakit, Hathairat Rimkeeree, Withida Chantrapornchai, Udomluk Sukatta, Prapasson Rukyhaworn
Full Text
Abstract
Riceberry bran, byproduct from the rice milling process, is one of bioactive compounds sources. In order to increase
Riceberry bran value, the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different Riceberry bran extraction methods, including
accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), soxhlet extraction (SE), and maceration method (MC) on
bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities. It was found that the Riceberry bran extract from ASE presented the highest total phenolic,
total anthocyanin content (55.45 mg GAE/g and 3.06 mg/g) and antioxidant properties including IC50 of DPPH assay (0.109 mg/mL), FRAP value
(688.04 mmole Fe(II)/kg) and IC50 of ABTS assay (3.42 mg/mL) among the four methods. These results imply the potential to use the ASE method
for extraction of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds from Riceberry bran.
Keywords
Accelerated Solvent Extraction, Maceration, Riceberry Bran, Soxhlet, Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction
DFT investigation of toluene adsorption on silicon carbide nanosheet doping with transition metal for storage and sensor application
Pasakorn Sangnikul, Chanukorn Tabtimsai, Wandee Rakrai, Banchob Wanno
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Abstract
Nowadays, the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is giving rise to several health hazards and damage to the
environment. Consequently, the nanomaterial development is considerably important for VOC adsorption and sensing. In this work, the adsorptions
of toluene on silicon carbide nanosheets doping with transition metal atoms (TM-doped SiCNS) were investigated using the density functional
theory method (DFT). The B3LYP/LanL2DZ was employed in all calculations for the geometric, energetic, and electronic properties. In addition,
the doping of TM atom at different sites will have different effects on the adsorption behavior of the systems. Calculation results reveal
that the adsorption distances and adsorption energies of TM doping on SiCNSs are suitable for toluene adsorption greater than pristine SiCNS.
According to the changes of electronic properties of TM-doped SiCNS show highly sensitive to toluene molecule. The results indicate that the
introducing of TM doping on SiCNS significantly improve the sensitivity toward toluene molecule. Therefore, the results of our work may be useful
in developing and designing new types of storage and sensor materials.
Keywords
DFT, Silicon Carbide Nanosheet, Toluene, Transition Metals, VOC
Conductive Composite Paper from Cellulose Fiber by in situ Polymerization of Pyrrole
Siripassorn Sukhkhawuttigit, Sarute Ummartyotin, Yingyot Infahsaeng
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Abstract
Currently, conducting polymers such as Polypyrrole (PPy), have been extensively interested due to their interesting features
of conductivity, low-cost fabrication, and stability under ambient conditions and at high temperature. Herein, polypyrrole was polymerized on the
surface of cellulose fibers (CFs) by using a sequence of fiber impregnation in FeCl3 solutions and re-dispersion in a pyrrole solution via in situ
chemical polymerization of monomer-pyrrole. The structure, morphology, and thermal properties were investigated. The results revealed the uniformly
of PPy on the surface of CFs. Moreover, conductivity of 184×10-4 S·cm−1 was obtained from a composites sheet of CFs:PPy with the PPy of 0.20 ml.
Also, the decreasing of dielectric and impedance in CFs:PPy composites sheet can be observed as the increasing of CFs:PPy ratio. Chemical
polymerization has been very successful in the production of composite materials of conductivity polymers with CFs.
Keywords
Polypyrrole, Conductive Composite Materials, In Situ Synthesized
Stratified Unified Ranked Set Sampling for Asymmetric Distributions
Chainarong Peanpaylun, Chanankarn Saengprasan, Suwiwat Witchakool
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Abstract
The purposes of this study are to propose a modified ranked set sampling, which is called stratified unified ranked set sampling
(SURSS), for estimating the population mean and compare the efficiency of the empirical mean estimator based on SURSS with their counterparts in
simple random sampling (SRS), stratified simple random sampling (SSRS), and stratified ranked set sampling (SRSS) via a simulation. We compare
efficiency using criteria mean square error (MSE) and simulate the data from three asymmetric distributions: Exponential (1), Geometric (0.5),
and Gamma (1, 2). It is found that the estimator in SURSS provides more efficient than their counterparts in SRS, SSRS, and SRSS for three parent
asymmetric distributions with small sample size. For the larger sample size, the proposed estimator in SURSS still provide more efficient than SRS,
but it gives more efficient than SSRS and SRSS in some cases.
Keywords
Simple Random Sampling, Ranked Set Sampling, Unified Ranked Set Sampling, Stratified Unified Ranked Set Sampling
Development of high anthocyanin crispy rice bar
Nuttawut Lainumngen, Janpen Saengprakai, Siriporn Tanjor, Wasan Phanpho, Aran Phodsoongnoen
Full Text
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers are increasingly interested in healthy food. This study aimed to increase the
nutritional value of crispy rice by using Thai rice which presented important natural ingredients. Five formulations
were developed including Thai colored indica rice (Oryza sativa cv. Riceberry), black sticky rice (Oryza sativa cv.
Leum Phua), white glutinous rice (Oryza sativa cv. RD6), RD6 soaking in water obtained from Leum Phua sticky
rice, and a combination of RD6 and Leum Phua glutinous rice. Water activity, moisture content, crispness, color,
total anthocyanin content, and sensory evaluation were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant
difference in crispness and moisture content of products. The lowest free water was observed in both Riceberry
and soaked RD6 formulations with water activity below 0.42. Leum Phua and Riceberry recipes had the lowest
brightness. Obviously, crispy rice bar from Leum Phua sticky rice had the highest total anthocyanin content,
followed by Riceberry rice. According to sensory test, the color score was high in the RD6 and soaked RD6
formulations. During the storage for 2 months, the increase of water activity and lipid peroxidation were observed.
However, there was no growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The crispy rice by soaked RD6 formula was
acceptable up to 2 months of storage. Therefore, it can be concluded that the RD6 sticky rice soaking with water
from black glutinous rice is suitable for commercial production because it can increase the nutritional value for consumers
by providing high total anthocyanin content.
Keywords
Riceberry Rice, Leum Phua Rice, RD6 Rice, Black Glutinous Rice, Anthocyanin
Promotion of Community Participation for Saline Soil Remediation by Alternative Technology of Bio - Organic Fertilizers and Nano Material at Krabueang Yai, Phimai District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province
Waraporn Kosanlavit, Bupachat Tobunsung, Napat Noinumsai
Full Text
Abstract
This paper is applied research to create changes in the community. The objectives of this research were the study
of the bio-organic fertilizer production process in Ban-Toey Community Enterprise at Krabueang Yai, Phimai District, Nakhon Ratchasima
Province and promoting the community participation in the remediation of saline soil by the alternative technology such as bio-organic
fertilizers and nanomaterial. The research methodology of this study was carried out by studying the data sources and information from
the community and on-site events or activities Moreover, in-depth interviews, group discussions, observation, questionnaires, demonstrations
were also carried out in order to transfer knowledge from the laboratory outcome to the community. The result was found that promotion of
community participation for saline soil remediation by alternative technology of bio- organic fertilizers and nanomaterials at Krabueang Yai
were operated by share and learn activities, in-depth interviews, group discussion, observation and questionnaires. The demonstrations were
also carried out in order to transfer knowledge from the laboratory outcome to the community. After the activities, it was found that the
community changes including a deep understanding of the saline soil solutions, production of bio-organic fertilizer, nanotechnology and soil
tests. Moreover, Ban-Toey villagers planned to establish soil quality analysis services during the soil adjustment of the field and agricultural
area. A cooperative creating was to resolve saline soil problems. In addition, the view of the participants should be changed that nanomaterial
could be non- expensive. Participants who were more liberal on new ideas such as nanotechnology can be the better starting point for the solving
of saline soil problems and alternatively helping the community to increase agricultural productivity and benefits.
Keywords
Community Participation, Saline Soil, Alternative Technology, Bio-Organic Fertilizers, Nanomaterial
SSSTJ - Vol.6 No.2, July 2019
Available items to download
Applying STELLA model to optimize land allocation in watershed based on DO and BOD dynamics
Treeranut Srisunont, Sittichai Tantanasarit, Chayarat Srisunont
Full Text
Abstract
Urban expansion with intensive and improper plan of land use can cause water deterioration along the watershed. This study aimed to find optimization of
land allocation for sustainable development without water pollution in the Trang watershed, located in Nakhon Si Thammarat and Trang Province, Thailand by using STELLA software.
Dissolve oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were used as water quality parameter to indicate water deterioration. DO and BOD change over time in the study area was
developed by STELLA. Then, they were simulated from scenario with variation in percentage of land use types: forest (Fo), agriculture (Ag), urban (Ur) and industry (In).
Results revealed that the correlation between the simulated and observed values of DO and BOD was in good agreement. The simulation of scenarios showed that when percentage of
Ur and In were less than 5 or the percentage of Fo and Ag were larger than 95, water will be very clean (DO > 6 mg/L and BOD < 1.5 mg/L). Higher Ur and In, reduction of DO and
increasing of BOD were found. Water will be deteriorated (DO < 2 mg/L and BOD > 4 mg/L) when In and Ur were more than 25%. The model developed by STELLA can be used to describe
DO and BOD change over time and help in finding optimization of land allocation which does not disturb water quality in Trang watershed. Furthermore, the model can be applied in
other watersheds for sustainable land development.
Keywords
STELLA, Land Use, Optimization, DO, BOD
Bacterial Contamination of Microphones used in places of worship in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
OSITA GABRIEL APPEH, TOCHUKWU FRANK EGWUATU, ONWUBIKO EMMANUEL NWANKWO and ADURE CHRISTABEL IBE
Full Text
Abstract
Bacteria can survive on the surface of the microscopic grooves and cracks and will go unnoticed, hence the presence of pathogenic bacteria on the user
interface of microphone possesses a potential risk to vulnerable, immune compromised individuals. The aim of this study was to study the antibiotics patterns of bacteria
isolated from microphones used at different churches in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. 100 samples were collected from the mouthpiece and handles of the various microphones
from 22 different churches in Umuahia with sterile swab sticks moistened with normal saline. A total of 85 isolates comprising of eight (8) genera were characterized from
the samples. These organisms included Staphylococcus sp, Coagulase negative Staphyococcus (CoNS), Streptococcus sp, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Proteus sp, Escherichia coli
and Pseudomonas sp. Frequency distribution of the isolates was as follows Staphylococcus sp. (5.88% of total), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) were (11.76%),
Streptococcus sp. (9.41%), Micrococcus sp. (1.18%), Bacillus sp. (3.53%), Proteus sp. (17.65%), Escherichia coli (36.47%) and Pseudomonas sp. (14.12%). The sensitivity and
resistance testing of the bacteria to different antibiotics showed that all the isolates were 100% sensitive to Peflacine, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. The highest
percentage resistance of 42.85% was recorded for Ampicillin while the least percentage resistant of 14.28% was recorded for Ofloxacin, Streptomycin and Cefalexin each.
This study showed that microphones can aid in the spread of pathogenic microorganisms between individuals and among groups at large.
Keywords
Mouthpiece, Microphone, Antibiotics, Sensitivity, Resistance
Description Logics for Fishery Time
Le Thi Bao Ngoc
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Abstract
Understanding time in fisheries is executed by analyzing data which are picked up from investigated documents to make significant decisions. When data
are big enough, time information of objects definitely becomes hard to represent to get knowledge quickly and temporal relationships are more difficult for observing.
This article concentrates on introducing Description Logics (DLs) which is extended by rules as an appropriate knowledge representation formalism for managing fishery time.
A DL knowledge base for fisheries is installed with relations between areas and creatures, creatures and catchers, catchers and time for catching, time and opened areas,
catchers and tools. To build this model, we use Protégé for illustrating an ontology of fisheries through data got from the document of Vietnamese mangrove fisheries.
This document is published by the Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2015 with statistics in detail. The research shows the way to represent fishery time by DLs.
Keywords
Description Logics, Temporal Fishery Representation, DLs for Time
Application of Principal Component Analysis As A Data Reducing Technique
Fayose Taiwo Stephen, Egobi Mary Ekundayo, Adebara Lanre
Full Text
Abstract
This paper is on the application of principal component as a data reducing technique on economic variables for the period of 26 years. The source of data
was secondary and was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The aim is to use principal component analysis effectively and profitably to reduce
the large and massive economic variables (Data) to a smaller number of PCs while retaining as much as possible of the variation in the original variables. The methodology
employed Principal Component which are orthogonal in nature from the original Economic Variables. The criterion for selecting the number of Principal Component to be extracted
is the KAISER’S CRITERION which was suggested by GUTTMAN and adopted by KAISER. The result of the analysis revealed that the variables BOP, LR, and INFL have low correlation
coefficient with other variables. Furthermore, results showed that the large sample size of economic variables have being reduced and the principal components are extracted
in which the first Principal Component have the highest number of variables which are positively highly correlated, the second Principal Component loads positively with
Crude Oil production, Lending Rate and Inflation Rate while the third Principal Component load positively with Balance of Payment.
Keywords
Principal Component Analysis, Principal Component, Kaiser’s Criterion, Guttman, Kaiser, Karhunen-Loeve Transform, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Thai Herb Identification with Medicinal Properties Using Convolutional Neural Network
Lawankorn Mookdarsanit, Pakpoom Mookdarsanit
Full Text
Abstract
This paper built an intelligent computer model to identify Thai herb from a single image using convolutional neural network. Thailand is one of the world
herbal sources. We used 2,700 herbal images with their medicinal properties to train the computer model that covered 11 well-known Thai herbs: Siamese Rough-bush, Cumin,
Holy Basil, Sweet Basil, Cha Muang, Kaffir-lime Leaf, Siamese Morning-glory, Pandanus Leaf, Mint, Chinese Kale and Chaplu, respectively. The feature extraction framework
and model architecture were done by Fast Region Convolution Neural Network (Fast R-CNN) and Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) that produced the recall as higher than 0.75
and the precision as higher than 0.80.
Keywords
Herb Identification, Leaf Recognition, Convolutional Neural Network, VGGNet, Fast R-CNN
SSSTJ - Vol.6 No.1, Janurary 2019
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Application of Photocatalytic Oxidation Technology in an Air Purifier for Benzene removal by using TiO2/PLA Film
Chaisri Tharasawatpipat, Torpong Kreetachat
Full Text
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to synthesize a catalyst from TiO2 embedded on a bio-composite film through photocatalysis application
to benzene removal in 785 litre of air through photocatalyzed oxidation process in Air Purifier. And found out the best of benzene volatile organic compound
removal condition with Box-Benkhen design’s respond surface method. The scope of the study was tested on three polylactic acid biopolymer films with the volume
of TiO2 at 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0%w/w formed by molding film method. The morphology of the film was examined by scanning electron microscope. The chemical structure
of the film was scanned by X-Ray diffraction. Light absorbance was detected by UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. After SEM testing, it was found that TiO2 on the three
films were equally distributed and embedded all over the films. The crystal structure of Titanium dioxide was appeared to be an anatase structure. It was found
that the energy gap was from 3.14 to 3.22 eV. The result can be confirmed the decrease of benzene compound after photocatalyzed oxidation process on photoreactor
consisted of 785 litre of air. The result was shown that the light intensity at 5.24 mW/cm2 and TiO2 at 10.0%w/w can yield the optimum result at 62.28% of
benzene compound decrease with initial intensity at 5±0.5 ppm. The most appropriate conditions to remove benzene volatile organic compound with Box-Benkhen
design’s respond surface method were 5.24 mW/cm2 of light intensity, 10.0%w/w of TiO2, and 5±0.5 ppm of benzene initial intensity. With these conditions, the
result revealed that the reaction rate was 58.90% at R2 0.82. Therefore, the concluded that the process of benzene volatile organic compound removal can be
further developed in the form of equipment as air purifier with optimum condition.
Keywords
Air purifier, Benzene, Photocatalytic oxidation, Poly lactic acid film, Responsive surface method
Extended-spectrum beta lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Klebsialla spp. in urine and fecal samples obtained from hospitals and communities in Lagos, Nigeria
Tenny Obiageli Egwuatu, Godwin Ochuko Orkeh, Chibuzor Ifeanyichukwu Okeke, Amudat Aladesokun, Tochukwu Frank Egwuatu, Chisom Freda Egwuatu
Full Text
Abstract
The use of beta-lactams has tremendously increased since the discovery of antibiotics. This has led to the emergence of certain resistant genes such as
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporins. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Extended
Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) genes, Carbapenem resistance genes (blaKPC, blaOXA and IMP) and outer membrane porins genes (OMP-35, OMP-36, and OMP-36N) from different
hospitals and laboratories in Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 177 bacterial isolates were collected between May 2017 to July 2017 from patients with urinary tract infections
(UTI) and gastroenteritis. They were identified biochemically and investigated for ESBL and Carbapenemase production using phenotypic Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and Modified
Hodges’ Test respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility profile was also investigated. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the genes responsible for the resistant genes. Out of 177
bacterial isolates, 47 (26.6%) were identified as Klebsiella spp and 17 (36.1%) were ESBL positive and then 5 (29.4%) were positive for carbapenem resistance. Multiplex PCR revealed
that 3 (27.3%) possessed both blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, 6 (54.5%) possessed only blaCTX-M gene while only 2 (18.2%) possessed only blaSHV gene. Also, 13 (76.5%) possessed only blaKPC
gene. However, blaTEM as well as IMP, OXA-48, OMP 35, OMP 36 and OMP 36N genes were not detected. This study revealed that antibiotic resistance is on the rise and preventive measures
should be put in place by both government and health care providers to curtail this trend.
Keywords
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Urinary Tract Infections, Carbapenemase, Klebsiella spp
Load Profiles in Grid-Connected Residential Buildings: Experimental Studies with Rooftop PV and Battery Systems
Chukiat Jangjun, Surawut Chuangchote, Athikom Bangviwat, Dhirayut Chenvidhya
Full Text
Abstract
The number of photovoltaic (PV) installation in many countries has increased in the past decades. The advantages of energy from PV consists of
reduction of CO2 emission, low maintenance cost, low operation cost, etc. On the other hand, the main problems of this technology consist of: (1) electrical power
is relatively fluctuated and (2) the excessive energy from PV generating cannot be stored for any use in another necessary time. One of the solving solution is the
integration of the PV systems with battery systems to keep the system stability. Moreover, the reduction of battery price leads the electricity users interest in
the installation of battery systems with rooftop PV on their buildings. In the past, a number of works studied on PV systems with integrated batteries as the off-grid
systems and evaluated by simulation programs. In this work, the load profiles of buildings in different categories (i.e. households, small offices, and home offices)
of residential section are discussed. The characteristics of load profiles in residential buildings installed with a grid-connected rooftop PV system with batteries are
analyzed by physical experimentations. It was found that battery systems were significantly affected the load profiles of the residential buildings. Household was found
to be the highest proportion (21.68%) of excessive electricity. The ratio of PV met to load (29.15%) was smaller than the ratio of battery charging (50.17%). In addition,
the excessive electricity in small office was the lowest proportion (10.39%), while the ratio of PV met to load (57.83%) was higher than the battery charging (31.78%).
Keywords
Load profile, Residential building, Rooftop PV, Battery system
SSSTJ - Vol.5 No.2, July 2018
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Evaluation of Digestion Procedures on Heavy Metals in Soil of a Dumpsite in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
Segun Michael Abegunde, Adebayo Olamide Oyebanji, Oladele Osibanjo
Full Text
Abstract
Acid digestion is important in solubilizing metal ions in heavy metals determination. A number of procedures exists and
the one used is dependent on different factors. This work is aimed at investigating the performance of three different acid digestion procedures
(Aqua Regia, 2 M HNO3and HNO3/HClO4) for the extraction of Pb, Cd and Zn in soil sample from an abandoned dumpsite of a lead-acid producing
industry in Lalupon, Oyo State. Heavy metals in soil extracts were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results revealed that
Aqua Regia gave the highest contents level of Pb and Cd, HNO3/HClO4 showed best performance for Zn while 2 M HNO3 had the least performance for
the metals considered. Result of 2 M HNO3 was less than the other two and could not represent total metal content of the soil. Without losing
focus of the objectives of research, variation in the effectiveness of acid digestion proceduresshould be borne in mind when making a choice.
Keywords
Digestion procedure, Extractants, Heavy metals, Dumpsite, Soil
β-glucosidase enzyme screening from various parts of Tabebuia argentea
Chariwat Pitsanuwong and Kanokorn Wechakorn
Full Text
Abstract
The aim of this work is the screening for searching the novel β–glucosidase enzyme from various parts of Tabebuia argentea;
flower, flower bud, shoot, seed shank and seed. The enzyme extracted from the samples by using appropriated buffer. The ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4)
salt precipitation in the different salt concentration was used to initial fractionated purification steps. The monitoring of enzyme activity by using
hydrolysis reaction of glycosidic bond by using p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as an enzyme substrate. The UV-vis spectroscopy used to detect
the corresponding p-nitrophenylate product under basic condition at 405 nm. The enzyme activity via pNPG hydrolysis of seeds extract responds toward
around 15-fold over the other part extracts of Tabebuia argentea, follow by selected enzyme fraction of seeds extract to subject to optimum temperature
study, the temperature for the best enzyme activity is 30-40 °C. The highest enzyme activity fraction will be used for further purification and enzymatic
properties test before apply to be a biocatalyst in biological process.
Keywords
β–glucosidase, Tabebuia aurea, p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside
The Resilience Quotient of Diabetic Patients in Tharae Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital Mueang Sakon Nakhon District Sakon Nakhon Province
Suwatsa Punneng, Kanokporn Thokaewkhiew, Pavinee Kasian, Ratchaporn Akkapin
Full Text
Abstract
The objective of this research was to (1) study resilience quotient status of diabetic patients at Health Promoting Hospital in Tha Rae
subdistrict, Mueang district, Sakhon Nakhon province and to (2) investigate the resilience quotient development of diabetic patients. This research was done
in the form of surveys and interview. The sample population includes 238 diabetic patients. The research methodology includes interviews, general information
questionnaire, and resilience quotient assessment’s findings from the Department of Resilience quotient . The data of this resilience quotient research findings
is analyzed by utilizing quantitative research method which includes percentage, mean and standard deviation. The research findings revealed that the majority of
research population or 54.20% falls under the group of healthier (high) resilience quotient than average. Furthermore, the survey showed 87.00% of diabetic patients
possess emotional stability, 90.40% of diabetic patients receives emotional support from others and 95% of diabetic patients can handle their daily life problems.
Keywords
Resilience quotient, Diabetic patients, Promoting resilience quotient program, Diabetic patients’ resilience quotient
Isolation and characterization of filter paper degrading bacteria from the guts of Coptotermes formosanus
Tochukwu Frank Egwuatu, Osita Gabriel Appeh
Full Text
Abstract
The filter paper utilizing capabilities of Pseudomonas mendocina, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Chryseobacterium luteola, Klebsiella oxytoca
and Klebsiella terrigena isolated from the gut of a local termite Coptotermes formosanus were analysed. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize
cellulolytic microbes from the guts of Coptotermes formosanus. The isolates were inoculated into a buffered medium containing minerals and Whatman filter paper
as sole source of carbon to observe the ability of these bacteria to digest solid substrate. The ability of the isolates to grow in this medium as well as to
digest the filter paper was determined by visual observation after 30 days. Reducing sugar test and gravimetric analysis were also carried out at the end of
30 days. All bacteria cultures showed growth as the medium turned cloudy and the filter paper became macerated. The gravimetric analysis of the residual filter
in the liquid medium at the end of 30 days incubation showed that Chryseobacterium luteola had the highest degradation rate of 95%, Pseudomonas mendocina had
the degradation rate of 90%, whilst Burkholderia pseudomallei, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella terrigena had biodegradation rate of 75% each. Reducing sugar
test and paper chromatography carried out for glucose production were positive showing their ability to convert cellulose to glucose. The bacterial isolates
showed a potential to convert cellulose into reducing sugars which could be readily used in many applications like feed stock for production of valuable organic
compounds; for example in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose into ethanol.
Keywords
Biodegradation, Chromatography, Termite gut, Cloudy, Cellulose
Optimal medium for watercress (Alternanthera sp.) micropropagation
Vachiraporn Pikulthong, Sirirat Phakpaknam, Manussawee Dechkla, Tharathorn Teerakathiti
Full Text
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to find the optimal conditions for micropropagation of Alternanthera sp. The first experiment aims to
find the optimal sterilization of lateral bud meristems for in vitro culture. The results revealed that the best sterilization technique is to clean lateral
bud meristem by bending shoot and dipping in 70% ethanol for 1 min. These shoots were then removed and immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min.
This sterilization technique provides the highest survival percentage of 95% and the best microorganism removal. The second experiment aim to determine the
effects of the plant growth regulators benzyladenine (BA) on shoot proliferation. The shoot induction of sterile lateral bud meristems of Alternanthera sp. was
then carried out in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) at five different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) under 25±2 °C
and light condition for 4 weeks. It was found that MS media supplemented with 3 mg/l BA induced the optimal growth and development of shoots. This condition
provides the highest root induction and the significant average shoot of 12.88±0.51 shoots/explant (p<0.05). The results from the present study could be the
basic information for producing aquatic plants that have economic value and genetic conservation. In additions, it may be useful for biological activity tests
or provide the possibility for callus induction for further somatic embryo culture technology.
Keywords
Alternanthera sp., Micropropagation, Sodium hypochlorite, Benzyladenine
SSSTJ - Vol.5 No.1, January 2018
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Reproductive Biology of Fopius vandenboschi (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the Laboratory
Duangta Julsirikul, Sangvorn Kitthawee
Full Text
Abstract
Fopius vandenboschi (Fullaway) is one of the natural enemies of oriental fruit flies in genus Bactrocera.
It is a koinobiont solitary endoparasitoid that parasitizes first and second instars of oriental fruit flies. The advantages
of this parasitoid are the ability to parasitize several host species and the length of female longevity. Reproductive
biology of F. vandenboschi in this research showed that it produced average 21.0±13.4 offspring per female, equivalent
to net reproductive rate of 8.4 female offspring per generation. The sex ratio is equal to 0.6 : 0.4 (♂ : ♀) and the mean
generation time of is 22.5 days. These results can be applied for massrearing production of F. vandenboschi for inoculative
and inundative release to enhance management populations of Bactrocera fruit fly pest in Thailand.
Keywords
Fopius vandenboschi (Fullaway), Bactrocera, Reproductive biology, Natural enemies, Mass-rearing
Species Diversity of Aquatic Fauna in Seagrass at Rockgarden Village, Rayong Province
Chanate Wanna, Chaloempon Phongpha
Full Text
Abstract
The diversity of aquatic fauna such as fish, shrimp and crab behind Rockgarden Village in Kleang
District, Rayong Province by surveying and collecting samples were in two stations of different habitat types i.e.
inside and outide seagrass. The collection sampling of aquatic fauna using small beach embankment carried out
3 times in November 2016, January and March 2017 and three replications in each time. The samples were
collected by dragging net with 2 mm mesh size at 1 - 1.2 m of a depth level. The total faunal species comprised
24 species from 20 families, 5 orders and 2 classes as Actinopterygii in fish group with 4 orders i.e. Perciformes
(13 families, 17 genera and 16 species), Syngnathiformes (1 family, 1 genera and 1 species), Atheriniformes (1
family, 1 genera and 1 species) and Tetraodontiformes (2 families, 2 genera and 2 species) and Malacostraca in
crab and shrimp with 1 order as Decapoda (3 families, 4 genera and 4 species). The 22 species (18 fish species, 3
crab species and 1 shrimp species) were found inside seagrass while 15 species ( 11 fish species, 3 crab species
and 1 shrimp species) were found outide seagrass. The fish group was the most abundance and then was the crab
and shrimp group. Family of fish which is the most abundance in this area was Siganidae. The diversity index of
aquatic fauna was inside seagrass as 1.042 and outside seagrass as 0.188. This survey indicated that the inside
seagrass area was more abundant aquatic fauna than the outside seagrass area and was important in habitat, nursery
ground and food source of aquatic fauna.
Keywords
Species diversity, Aquatic fauna, Seagrass, Rockgarden Village
A New Mixture Lomax Distribution and Its Application
Chookait Pudpromarat, Kemmawadee Preedalikit
Full Text
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new mixture Lomax distribution for positive continuous random variable.
The new mixture Lomax distribution has two component distributions which are Lomax distribution and length
biased Lomax distribution. We have derived and studies in probability properties which include the probability
density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function, hazard function, moment about origin,
mean, variance, coefficient of skewness and coefficient of kurtosis. Next, we study the estimation parameter of
new mixture Lomax distribution by using maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, application of new mixture
Lomax distribution is illustrated by real data set which is analyzed using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC).
It is shown that the proposed distribution fits much better than some other existing Lomax distributions.
Keywords
Mixture Lomax distribution, Length biased Lomax distribution.
Separation of Blue Ballpoint Pen Inks- A Comparison of Solvent Systems on Thin Layer Chromatography Techniques
Vasinee Sombut, Ploysai Ohama, Saowanee Kumpun, Narong Kulnides, Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul
Full Text
Abstract
This article is chromatographic analysis of inks for forensic science. Thin layer chromatographic technique (TLC)
is often used in separation of writing inks because it is rapid and requires no sophisticated instrumentation. The repeatability and
reproducibility of TLC analyses of inks depend on several factors. However, the critical importance is the use of solvent for the
extraction process and for mobile phase. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of blue ballpoint pen ink
separation by TLC between different solvent extraction and variant mobile phase systems. Thirty blue ballpoint pens commonly used in
Thailand were extracted from document then three solvents (ethanol, acetone or dichloromethane) and five solvent systems as mobile phase
were used to separate pigment compounds in each sample. The Rf values were calculated for discrimination analysis of all blue pens via
two-way ANOVA. The results showed that the most important factor affecting ink classification was solvent extraction. The ethanol was
the best solvent for extraction and the optimal mobile phase was n-butanol: ethanol: water (50:15:10 v/v/v) having statistically significant
level of 0.05. This mobile phase system could be used to classify all 30 inks into 12 different groups with the discrimination power (DP)
of 89.20%. In the future, the qualitative data from TLC plates will more reliable by multivariate statistical techniques can also be
applied on effectively interpretation.
Keywords
Forensic, Ballpoint pen inks, Thin-layer chromatography, Ink analysis
Anthropogenic Impacts on Cave-roosting Bats: A Call for Conservation Policy Implementation in Bukidnon, Philippines
Kim-Lee B. Domingo, Dave P. Buenavista
Full Text
Abstract
Many caves in the Philippines are amongst the most popular natural ecotourism sites, even though most of them are poorly
regulated and understudied. This study investigates the anthropogenic impacts of unsustainable eco-tourism and exploitation on cave-roosting
bats in Sumalsag Cave, Bukidnon, Mindanao Island, Philippines. The species richness of the cave-roosting bat fauna was determined using the
standard mist-netting method and capture-mark and release technique. The conservation status was assessed based on the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Ecological evaluation and assessment of the cave’s speleological characteristics and ecological condition
was carried out using the Philippines’ standard cave assessment protocol. After completing 15 net-nights field sampling with a capture effort
of 180 net/hours, results revealed a total of six (6) species of cave-roosting bats which belongs to three (3) families. Two Philippine endemic
species, Ptenochirus jagori and Ptenochirus minor were documented including Miniopterus schreibersii, a species classified under near threatened
category. Evidence of human activities were considered for identifying the indirect and direct threats on the bat fauna. Destroyed speleothems and
speleogens, excavations, modifications of the cave’s features as well as graffiti in the cave walls were recorded. This study recommends regulating
eco-tourism activities, protecting the endemic and threatened species and promoting natural restoration of the cave by implementing the existing
environmental laws.
Keywords
Threatened species, Chiroptera, Ecotourism, Conservation, Mindanao
SSSTJ - Vol.4 No.2, July 2017
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The Development of Local Based Riceberry Rice Standard Recipes to Promote Commercialization and Tourism in the ASEAN Community
Chunkamol Panyayong, Wiranpach Chatjaroenchaikul
Full Text
Abstract
This research is in the sequence of the innovative utilization from a previous study on developing standard food
recipes utilising Riceberry rice as the key ingredient under the context of the communities of Uttaradit province, Thailand along
with the context of the ASEAN Community. The 10 standard recipes from the previous study were used in real commercialisation that
aimed to promote the utilisation of local food raw materials of Uttaradit province, to increase the competitiveness of local products
in the ASEAN Community’s market, and to promote commercialisation and tourism. The recipes were tested on sensory acceptance evaluation
with 100 tourist samples and nutritional values assessment. The evaluation data were used to indicate the potential of the recipes to
meet tourists’ satisfaction, which was eventually used together with the recipes’ nutritional data as the reference for the consideration
of and selection for one month of real commercialised trial testing by seven food business entrepreneurs in Uttaradit province. After
finishing the commercialised test, the food business entrepreneurs evaluated the appropriateness of the recipes to use for real commercialisation.
The result of the average sensory acceptance evaluation scored on all 10 recipes using a 5-point hedonic scale evaluation form indicated that,
all 10 recipes were accepted by the tourists and had the potential to be utilised for serving to tourists. The seven food business entrepreneurs
selected four out of the 10 recipes for the commercialised test according to the reference data of each recipe provided for their consideration,
flexibility, convenience and capability to adopt the recipes. The reasons that the entrepreneurs selected only four recipes were because of their
consideration on the available raw materials during the testing period, their capability to cook the food according to the instruction of the recipes,
and the conforming of the theme of the recipes to their business theme that mostly sold healthy food. The results of the recipes’ appropriateness
for real commercialisation using a Likert-type scale appropriateness evaluation form have shown that the selected recipes were appropriate for use
in a real commercialisation situation.
Keywords
Riceberry Rice, Standard food recipe, Community-context, Commercialisation, ASEAN Community, Tourism promotion
Development of spray-dried lime juice powder with improved bioactive compound retention
Thanida Chuacharoen
Full Text
Abstract
Lime juice powder was developed with 20% of combined maltodextrin/gum Arabic at a ratio of 4:1.
A high shear homogenization was applied to encapsulate phytochemical compounds before spray drying with the purpose
of protecting bioactive compounds from thermal degradation. The effect of high shear homogenization on physicochemical
properties and antioxidant activity of spray-dried lime powder was studied. The particle size, morphology, moisture content,
color, solubility, hygroscopicity, ascorbic acid, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of
the spray-dried powder undergoing the homogenization were compared with those of the non-homogenized powder. The higher
yield (30%) was obtained in the homogenized powder compared with the control (28%) with no significant difference.
The average particle diameter of the homogenized powder was 0.1-4 micrometers, smaller than 18-26 micrometers of the
untreated powder. Morphological study revealed that the powder without homogenization was densely packed compared with
the homogenized powder. Moisture content of homogenized powder and that of the particles without homogenization were 3.91%
and 5.42%, respectively. Higher solubility and less hygroscopicity values and color after spray drying were observed in
reconstituted lime powder with high shear homogenization. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) assays were
used to determine total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyle-hydrate (DPPH)
assay was used to determine total antioxidant activity of the powders. The retention of ascorbic acid and total phenolic
contents, and antioxidant activity was significantly better in the homogenized powder, but not the flavonoid contents.
The antioxidant activity derived from total phytochemical compounds in the treated powder was preserved by the
homogenization before spray drying. This study indicated that the application of high shear homogenization with combined
drying agent before spray drying could prevent phytochemical compounds in lime from thermal degradation.
Keywords
Lime powder, Spray drying, Physicochemical properties, Bioactive retention, Antioxidant activity
Species Checklist and Abundance of Birds in Salt Field Areas and Aquaculture Areas along the Coastal Land, Bang Kaew Sub - district, Muang District, Samut Songkhram Province
Nitinarth Charoenpokaraj, Petchpanom Chitman, Wisoot Nuamsiri
Full Text
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to study species checklist, abundance, feeding behavior, status of
birds and group of migratory birds in the research area. The data was carried out by field survey of species
checklist and abundance of birds which foraged in land-use areas namely salt field areas, aquaculture areas,
shrimp pond and cockle pond in Bang Kaew Sub-district, Muang District, Samut Songkhram Province from
August 2015 - July 2016. The data were analyzed to find out abundance of birds. The results found that 10
orders, 24 families and 51 bird species were found in salt field areas and aquaculture areas of coastal land. 9
orders, 17 families and 35 bird species were found in salt field. 10 orders, 22 families and 44 bird species were
found in shrimp pond. 7 orders, 16 families and 32 bird species were found in cockle pond. According to bird
abundance, 6 bird species were in level 5 of bird abundance. It was 11.76 % of all bird species. According to
feeding behavior, there were 12 insectivorous birds, 20 piscivorous birds, 12 aquatic, benthic invertebrate
feeding birds, 4 granivorous birds, 1 frugivorous bird, 1 carnivorous bird, 1 omnivorous bird and 1 predator bird.
According to bird seasonal status, there were 24 resident birds, 7 resident and migratory birds and 20 migratory
birds. According to migratory bird group, there were 12 shore birds, 4 terrestrial birds and 3 sea birds. According
to IUCN threatened Status, Painted Stork, Eastern Black-tailed Godwit, Red-necked Stint and Eurasian Curlew
were near-threatened (NT). So the communities should give their hands to conserve salt field areas and
aquaculture areas of coastal land and biodiversity continuously, because the birds are indicators of natural
balance and plenty of food in local ecosystem.
Keywords
Species checklist of birds, Abundance of birds, Coastal land.
Scavenging capacity and antibacterial activity of roselle aqueous extract and wine production
Lanchakon Chanudom, Nutwara Ongsara, Chanjira Jindawong and Maneewan Jantajam
Full Text
Abstract
Roselle is an herbaceous medicinal plant where being native in Asia. The calyx of roselle action
as well as its bioactive compounds and natural pigments. In this work, total phenolic, total flavonoid, scavenging
capacity and antibacterial activity of roselle aqueous extract were investigated and applied as substrate for wine
production. Scavenging capacity of roselle aqueous extracts were increased dependently on dose of total phenolic
compound in extract. Roselle wine was produced and evaluated on pH, alcohol (%), total acid (%), total solid (oBrix),
total viable count of bacteria and yeast/mold for 10 days of fermentation. pH and total solid were significantly
decreased from 0 day of fermentation, while alcohol, total acid and total viable count of bacteria and yeast/mold were
significantly increased until the end of process. Roselle aqueous extract at the concentration of 0.5 and 1 mg/ml were
inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus while wine product have
no effect on antibacterial activity.
Keywords
Roselle, Roselle wine, Scavenging capacity and antibacterial activity
SSSTJ - Vol.4 No.1, January 2017
Available items to download
Confidence Interval for the Ratio of Bivariate Normal Means with a Known Coefficient of Variation
Wararit Panichkitkosolkul
Full Text
Abstract
An approximate confidence interval for the ratio of bivariate normal means with a known coefficient
of variation is proposed in this paper. This application has the area of bioassay and bioequivalence when a
scientist knows the coefficient of variation of a control group. The proposed confidence interval is based on the
approximated expectation and variance of the estimator by the Taylor series expansion. A Monte Carlo
simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of the proposed confidence interval with the
existing confidence interval. The results showed that the simulation is considered confidence interval and the
estimated coverage probabilities close to the nominal confidence level for large sample sizes. The estimated
coverage probabilities of the existing confidence interval are over estimated for all situations. In addition, the
expected lengths of the proposed confidence interval are shorter than those of the existing confidence interval in
all circumstances. When the sample size increases, the expected length become shorter. Therefore, our
confidence interval presented in this paper performs well in terms of estimated coverage probability and the
expected length in considering the simulation results. A comparison of the confidence intervals is also illustrated
using an empirical application.
Keywords
Interval estimation, Central tendency, Standardized measure of dispersion, Coverage probability, Expected length
First report of leaf spot disease caused by Polyrostrata indica on Aloe vera from Madhya Pradesh, India
Shubhi Avasthi, Ajay Kumar Gautam, Rekha Bhadauria
Full Text
Abstract
A leaf spot disease was observed on Aloe vera plants growing in nurseries and botanical gardens of Gwalior,
Madhya Pradesh, India. Symptoms were noticed on the tips and the middle part of the leaves in the form of small, circular,
dark brown necrotic spots, with an average diameter of 0.6-1.4×0.5- 0.9 cm. Dark brown colonies with granular appearance was
consistently isolated from the infected tissue on PDA. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate and rod shaped measuring up to 12.5-20×7.5- 15 µm.
Based on the morphological and cultural characteristics, fungus was identified as Polyrostrata indica Prameela and Nita Mathur.
Pathogenicity test conducted on healthy Aloe leaves showed typical leaf spot symptoms after fourteen day of infestation.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of this pathogen on A. vera in India.
Keywords
Aloe vera, Leaf spot, Polyrostrata indica, Disease, India
One-step green synthesis of chitosan-silver nanoparticles
Wuttichai Phae-ngam, Kheamrutai Thamaphat, Fueangfahkan Chutrakulwong, Chutima Oopathump
Full Text
Abstract
In this work, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using chitosan derived from
shrimp shells through a simple and eco-friendly method called the green synthesis. The chitosan not only acted as the reducing
agent for Ag+, but also stabilized the AgNPs to protect nanoparticles from aggregation. The as-synthesized colloidal chitosan-AgNPs
was yellowish-brown color with a maximum absorption wavelength at approximately 434 nm. The size and shape, and crystal structure of
AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometry, respectively. The results indicated
that the AgNPs was spherical particles with a diameter of 23.5 ± 0.6 nm. The XRD pattern peaked at different diffraction angles
corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes indicated that AgNPs had face-centered cubic (fcc) structure.
Keywords
Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticles, Chitosan, Biopolymer
SSSTJ - Vol.3 No.2, July 2016
Available items to download
Study on air pollution trends (2010-2015) due to fireworks during Diwali festival in Delhi, India
Abhinav Pandey, Rajeev Kumar Mishra, Ankita Shukla
Full Text
Abstract
The burning of massive amount of fire crackers on the evening(s) of a nation-wide
celebrated festival called ‘Diwali’ in India, gives rise to a remarkably high concentration of criteria
air pollutants and it is of utmost importance to investigate the impact of such high loads originated
during a relatively shorter time span in a mega-city like Delhi where the situation of ambient air quality
has already been alarming almost through-out the year. In view of the same, the present study analyzes
available concentration data during this festival’s night for five criteria pollutants namely PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, NO2, and CO along with NH3 at six key locations of Delhi. Following the analysis, PM10 concentration
in Anand Vihar during nighttime of Diwali was reported to be ~8 times higher than the 24-hr values prescribed
by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). On the other hand, the same at IGI airport was recorded
lowest even though about 3.5 times that of the guiding standard. PM2.5 concentrations were reported as highest
and lowest at R.K. Puram and Civil lines respectively, in both the cases quite exceeding the comparable standard
values. Interestingly, remaining criteria pollutants, namely, SO2 NO2 and CO along with NH3 measured in 2015
showed no values in excess of corresponding 24-hrs guidelines, thereby reporting a better scenario compared to
previous years. Further, the extensive use of firecrackers during Diwali festival leads to substantial increase
in air pollutants necessitating special measures to control.
Keywords
Fireworks; Diwali; Aerosols; Criteria pollutants; NAAQS
Minimum K-S estimator using PH-transform technique
Somchit Boonthiem, Supawan Khotama, Supap Sakha, Watcharin Klongdee
Full Text
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an improvement of the minimum Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) estimator
using proportional hazards transform (PH-transform) technique. The data of experiment is 47 fire accidents data
of an insurance company in Thailand. This experiment has two operations, the first operation, we minimize K-S
statistic value using grid search technique for nine distributions; Rayleigh distribution, gamma distribution,
Pareto distribution, log-logistic distribution, logistic distribution, normal distribution, Weibull distribution,
log-normal distribution, and exponential distribution and the second operation, we improve K-S statistic using
PH-transform. The result appears that PH-transform technique can improve the minimum K-S estimator. The
algorithms give better the minimum K-S estimator for seven distributions; Rayleigh distribution, logistic
distribution, gamma distribution, Pareto distribution, log-logistic distribution, normal distribution, Weibull
distribution, log-normal distribution, and exponential distribution while the minimum K-S estimators of normal
distribution and logistic distribution are unchanged.
Keywords
Minimum K-S estimator, PH-transform technique
Maximizing the Retention Level for Proportional Reinsurance under a-regulation of the Finite-Time Surplus Process with Equalized Interarrival Times
Sukanya Somprom, Supawan Khotama, Watcharin Klongdee
Full Text
Abstract
The research focuses on an insurance model controlled by proportional reinsurance in the finite-time
surplus process with an equalized interatrial time. We prove the existence of the maximal retention level for independent
and identically distributed claim processes under α-regulation, i.e., a model where the insurance company has to manage the
probability of insolvency to be at most α. In addition, we illustrate the maximal retention level for exponential claims by
applying the bisection technique.
Keywords
Probability of insolvency, Proportional reinsurance, Maximal retention level
Latent fingerprints on different type of screen protective films
Yuttana Sudjaroen, Titaree Thongthienchai
Full Text
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the quality of latent fingerprint on different types of screen
protective films including screen protector, matte screen protector, anti-fingerprint clear screen protector and anti-fingerprint
matte screen protector by using black powder method in developing latent fingerprints. The fingerprints were performed by 10
volunteers whose fingers (right index, right thumb, left index and left thumb) were stubbing at different types of screen
protective films and subsequently latent fingerprints were developed by brushing with black powder. Automated Fingerprint
Identification System (AFIS) counted the numbers of minutiae points from 320 latent fingerprints. Anti-fingerprint matte screen
protective film produced the best quality of latent fingerprint with an average minutiae point 72.65, followed by matte screen
protective film, clear screen protective film and anti-fingerprint clear screen protective film with an average minutiae point of
155.2, 135.0 and 72.65 respectively. The quality of latent fingerprints developed between a clear and a matte surface of screen
protective films showed a significant difference (sig > 0.05), whereas the coat and the non-coat with anti-fingerprint chemical
revealed a non-significant difference (sig < 0.05) in their number of minutiae points.
Keywords
Screen protective film, Latent fingerprints, Black powder method, Anti-fingerprint coating
SSSTJ - Vol.3 No.1, January 2016
Available items to download
An Extended Mixture Inverse Gaussian Distribution
Chookait Pudprommarat
Full Text
Abstract
This paper proposes an extend mixture inverse Gaussian (EMIG) distribution which is mixed
between the inverse Gaussian distribution and the length biased inverse Gaussian (LBIG) distribution. The
Birnbaum-Saunders (BS) distribution and LBIG distribution are presented as special cases of the EMIG distribution.
The properties of this distribution are discussed which include the shapes of the probability density functions,
distribution functions survival functions and hazard rate functions, mean and variance. The EMIG has two parameters
and it is shown that maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) can be obtained by solving equation. An application of the
model to a real data set is analyzed using the new distribution, which shows that the EMIG distribution can be used
quite effectively in analyzing real data by using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) statistics and goodness
of fit tests.
Keywords
Mixture Inverse Gaussian Distribution, Length Biased Inverse Gaussian Distribution, Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution
Effect of Carboxyl-Terminal Truncation on the Catalytic Performance of D - Phenylglycine Aminotransferase
Aiya Chantarasiri, Rachael Patterson, Vithaya Meevootisom, Suthep Wiyakrutta
Full Text
Abstract
The D-phenylglycine aminotransferase (D-PhgAT) is a novel enzyme that can be used to synthesize
precursors of antibiotics. This research addressed the function of the carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) of D-PhgAT.
Its C-terminal amino acid sequence was compared to other related proteins using bioinformatics tools. The analyzed
amino acid sequence was used to produce a genetically modified enzyme having a truncation of the 10 amino acid
residues at the C-terminal region. The truncated D-PhgAT was purified and analyzed for catalytic performance.
The results revealed that the truncated enzyme had better catalytic performance than the full-length enzyme by
37.49%. This research is a preliminary study for improving the enzymatic performance of D-PhgAT by structure-guided
engineering and can be applied in the development of other enzymes.
Keywords
D-phenylglycine aminotransferase; carboxyl-terminus; catalytic performance; bioinformatics tools
Flood Hazard Mapping using Hydraulic Model and GIS: A Case Study in Mandalay City, Myanmar
Kyu Kyu Sein, Thida Myint
Full Text
Abstract
This paper presents the use of flood frequency analysis integrating with 1D Hydraulic model (HEC-
RAS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to prepare flood hazard maps of different return periods in
Ayeyarwady River at Mandalay City in Myanmar. Gumbel’s distribution was used to calculate the flood peak of
different return periods, namely, 10 years, 20 years, 50 years, and 100 years. The flood peak from frequency
analysis were input into HEC-RAS model to find the corresponding flood level and extents in the study area.
The model results were used in integrating with ArcGIS to generate flood plain maps. Flood depths and extents
have been identified through flood plain maps. Analysis of 100 years return period flood plain map indicated
that 157.88 km2 with the percentage of 17.54% is likely to be inundated. The predicted flood depth ranges varies
from greater than 0 to 24 m in the flood plains and on the river. The range between 3 to 5 m were identified in
the urban area of Chanayetharzan, Patheingyi, and Amarapua Townships. The highest inundated area was 85
km2 in the Amarapura Township.
Keywords
Flood Frequency; HEC-RAS; Flood Hazard; Return Period; GIS
Guidelines for Vehicles Robbery Prevention using Remote Blocking Signals
Narong Sangwaranatee and Teerat Klangkanasub
Full Text
Abstract
In this project, We refer from the case of signal blocking to commit the remote vehicle
crime in the venerable place for crime happen, for example parking lot in public area, department store and
sideway street. From experiment of signal blocking by using another remote control; for signal wiretap, in over
5 meters, 10 meters and 15 meters of areas. We found that the Vehicle Brand A Model No. 1 can be blocked by
83.33 percent, while Brand A Model No. 2 can be blocked by 83.33 percent. At the same way, Vehicle Brand B
Model No.1 can be blocked by 40 percent, While Brand B Model No.2 can be blocked by 60 percent. Moreover,
Vehicle Brand C Model No. 1 can be blocked by 83.33 percent, while Brand C Model No. 2 can be blocked
by 83.33 percent. meanwhile, the remote control for general vehicle are used radio waves in period of 315 MHz
and 433 MHz of frequency, so the criminal will using colliding waves, from radio wave frequency that we refer
to, for jamming and make opportunity for robber the car.
Keywords
Vehicles Robbery Prevention, Remote Blocking Signals
SSSTJ - Vol.2 No.2, July 2015
Available items to download
Mapping Land Cover Dynamics in Nakhon Nayok Province of Thailand
Phan Kieu Diem, Asamaporn Sitthi, Uday Pimple, Sukan Pungkul
Full Text
Abstract
The spatial distribution of land cover information and its changes is very valuable for any planning, management and
monitoring at local as well as regional scale. In this paper, multi-temporal Landsat TM/ OLI data were used to classify the land
cover of the Nakhon Nayok province in Thailand over the period 2004-2015. The supervised classification maximum likelihood
method was implemented to assign probability to land the cover classes considered. The random sampling point method was
used for field survey and accuracy assessment. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient in 2015 were found to be 72% and
0.6626 respectively. The results also indicated that important changes concerned mainly urban (308.46 %), water (-50.46%), and
agricultural (-12.14%) areas, and least changes forest areas (3.17%). These results also highlighted that over the last 10 years,
urban areas have been characterized by the highest expansion, mainly from the conversion of agricultural land.
Keywords
Remote Sensing, Landsat, Land cover dynamics, change detection
Electricity and Water Supply Consumption and Green House Gas Emission at the Office of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Ronbanchob Apiratikul
Full Text
Abstract
This work was a data collection of electricity and water supply consumption of the Dean’s Office of the Faculty of
Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand. The greenhouse gas emissions from electricity and
water supply consumptions were calculated using the up-to-date emission factor from the Thailand Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization (TGO) database. In average, the office consumes 1.045 m3/d and 87.9 kWh/d of water and electricity,
respectively. This is equal to 68.5 Liter per person (11.25 L/m2) and 4.1 kWh per person (0.6788 kWh /m2) for the daily water
supply and electricity consumptions, respectively. The total daily greenhouse gas emission from both electricity and water supply
consumption is 59.01 kg-CO2 eq. which is mainly came from the electricity consumption (≈ 98%). The average emission based
on people and area are 2.566 kg-CO2 eq per person and 0.422 kg-CO2/m2, respectively.
Keywords
Resources management, Electricity, Water supply, Green House Gases Emission
The Health Effects of Computer Use on Personnel at the Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Rujijan Vichivanives, Wanwimon Mekwimon
Full Text
Abstract
This survey research aimed to find the health effects of computer use on Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University’s
personnel. A total of 312 samples were selected out of 1401 population by simple random method. Inferential statistics were
used throughout the hypothesis testing and data analysis (percentage, mean and standard deviation). The correlation between risk
factors and computer-used behavior were calculated by Pearson correlation and Creamer’s V coefficient (95% CI). The results
indicated that the samples spend 6-10 hours of the workday on the computer. In order to create a good working environment, the
organization has provided good computing facilities. The overview of computer-used behavior suggests that the personnel have
regular good practice, i.e. 5 - 6 times per week. The research result found that the most of personnel have a regular eyestrain, eye
fatigue, sore eyes and irritation symptoms at least 5-6 times per week. In addition, the personnel have regular neck, shoulder,
back, waist and wrist pain symptoms at least 3-4 times per week. The result indicated that the computer user’s behavior and
user’s health status relate to each other, and are in the same way. In conclusion, the academic staff requires the basic computer
usage knowledge in order to avoid future health problems.
Keywords
Health Effects, Health Disorder, Computer-used behavior, Office Syndrome, Computer Syndrome.
Assessment of Human’s Attitude Towards Natural Resource Conservation in Protected Area in Thailand
Ananya Popradit, Atsushi Ishida, Takehiko Murayama, Thares Srisatit, Tatsanawalai Utarasakul, Somboon Kiratiprayoon, Roj Khun Anake and Somkid Outtaranakorn
Full Text
Abstract
Attitude of residing people towards a protected forest area was evaluated for sustainable use of
natural resources and forest conservation in the Phu Kao–PhuPhan Kham National Park in Thailand. Their
economic and social conditions were assessed in three villages of Phukao, NongBua Lamphu Province. Data
were collected from 348 households (66.5%) heads or the representatives in the villages with the
questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: (i) general economic and social information (ii)
social grouping and participation and (iii) attitude toward participation in conserving natural resources and
tourism management in this area. To evaluate their attitude, the collected data were divided into four
categories: (i) level 4 equilibrium/nature (ii) level 3 warning (iii) level 2 risk (iv) level 1 crisis for forest
conservation in the protected area. Overall, their attitude towards natural resource conservation, the social
grouping and the community participation was very low. However, the attitude towards ecotourism is very
high. We suggest that forest conservation will be maintained by more progress of ecotourism in this area.
Keywords
Human Altitude, Natural Resources, Sustainable Management, National park, conservation
Improving existing landslide hazard zonation map in KMC area, Sri Lanka
Oshadee Lasitha Potuhera and Vithanage Primali Anuruddhika Weerasinghe
Full Text
Abstract
In Sri Lanka, presently used landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) map which was developed by National Building and
Research Organization (NBRO) is based entirely on geological, geomorphological and hydrological factors. As development
expands into unstable hill slope areas under the pressures of increasing population and urbanization, human activities such as
deforestation or excavation of slopes for road cuts and building sites, etc., have become important triggers for landslide
occurrence. The present study was undertaken in highly urbanized Kandy Municipal Council (KMC) area in Sri Lanka. Main
objective of the study was to validate the existing LHZ map with current active landslides and the improvement of the LHZ map
for further use for management purposes. Validation of the existing LHZ map shows lowest percentage of landslide occurrence
in the landslides most likely to occur zone and highest in the landslides are to be expected zone. To evaluate this situation
building density and transport lines were used. The relationship between building density and landslide occurrence was 97.1%
and the relationship between distance from transport lines and landslide occurrence was 88.3% till 50 m. An improved LHZ map
was developed including the effect of building density and distance from transport lines using frequency ratio method and
improved LHZ map has an accuracy of 98.5%.
Keywords
Buildings, Hazards, Map, Landslide, Roads
SSSTJ - Vol.2 No.1, January 2015
Available items to download
The Relationship between Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in the Atmosphere Measured by the Sodium Arsenite Method and the Chemiluminescence Method
Sivapan Choo-in and Rajeev K. Mishra
Full Text
Abstract
The relationship between the nitrogen dioxide concentration measured
by the Sodium Arsenite method and the Chemiluminescence method, aimed at
developing a device for measuring nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere by means of
the Sodium Arsenite method and studying the correlation between the concentration
of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere which was measured by Sodium
Arsenite method and the Chemiluminescense method done by the Pollution Control
Department, Thailand. In this research sampling collection of nitrogen dioxide
concentration in various conditions by the Sodium Arsenite method was compared
with that by the Chemiluminescence method done by the pollution control
Department at the Air Quality Measurement Station at the Din Dang district,
Bangkok. It was done by one-hour average value totaling of thirty data. The
research result found that the sampling collection with the flowing rate of 160
ml/min and the absorption reagent with mixture of 0.2 M sodium hydroxide and
0.015 M sodium arsenite had the highest relationship to the measurement result
done by the Pollution Control Department at a statistical significance level of 0.05
with the value of correlation coefficient at 0.658 which had a high relation.
Keywords
Air pollution sampling, Chemiluminescense, Nitrogen dioxide, Sodium arsenite
Study of the Electric Energy Consumption of the Science Center Building
Orrawan Rewthong, Sansanee Sansiribhan, Narun Luewarasirikul, Siwimol Chuarung and Busarin Eamthanakul
Full Text
Abstract
This research aimed to study the status of energy consumption in terms
of electric energy consumption and specific energy consumption (SEC) of the
Science Center Building, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand.
It was found the electric energy consumption in 2012 was 77,818 kWh. The
specific energy consumption was 27.91 MJ/m2. It needed to have an energy
conservation measure for the electric system for short-term measures. For the longterm,
the electric system installation was regularly improved and maintained.
Keywords
Electric energy consumption, specific energy consumption.
Endophytic Xylariaceae from Thai Plants
Anthony J S Whalley, Nuttika Suwannasai, Nutthaporn Ruchikachorn, Ek Sangvichien and Prakitsin Sihanonth
Full Text
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are present in all plant species investigated, and members of
the Xylariaceae are especially common in tropical plants. There is major interest in
endophytic fungi, because of their excellent track record concerning the production of
novel and often bioactive compounds including the anti-cancer drugs taxol and taxane.
Studies in Thailand on endophytes over the past 20 years confirm the high presence of the
Xylariaceae in many different Thai plants. Species of Xylaria stand out as the most frequent
Xylariaceae isolated; although, Daldinia eschscholtzii has also been commonly isolated.
DNA technology and chemical profiling have been shown to be invaluable in the
identification of xylariaceous isolates which previously could not be identified to species
level or even assigned to genera in many cases. Reference is made to those isolates which
produce novel compounds or those exhibiting bioactive properties.
Keywords
Endophytic fungi, Xylariaceae, Thailand, Novel metabolites.
Species Diversity of Plankton in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram Campus
Noppadon Chamchoi, Pratheep Meewattana, Griwut Suksawang and Pitiphat Thaisri
Full Text
Abstract
The study of phytoplankton and zooplankton in Suan Sunandha
Rajabhat University, Samut Songkram Campus by collecting the samples following
the seasons: the cool season (December, 2012), the hot season (March, 2013) and
the rainy season (June, 2013). The plankton samples were collected from 5 stations
by using 70 micrometers mesh size of plankton net and examined the water quality.
The results showed that, in total, there are plankton in 48 genera, 77 species which
consist of 36 genera, 58 species of the phytoplankton, and 12 genera, 19 species of
the zooplankton. The phytoplankton: Class Bacillariophyceae was the dominant
group and the most diverse was the genus Chaetoceros (8 species). The
zooplankton: Phylum Sarcomastigophora had the most species diversity and most
diverse zooplankton was the genus Ceratium (5 species). The cool season was the
season when the greatest species diversity of the plankton could be found and the
water temperature average was 27.79 °
C. The pH average was 7.82. The dissolved
oxygen average was 6.21 mg/l. The salinity average was 24 ppt. These conditions
are the appropriate environment for these living aquatic organisms.
Keywords
Species diversity, Plankton, Samut Songkhram
GIS Application in Urban Traffic Air Pollution Exposure Study: A Research Review
Amrit Kumar, Rajeev Kumar Mishra and S. K. Singh
Full Text
Abstract
This paper reports a preliminary study of the evaluation and forecast of
transport-related air pollution dispersion in urban areas with the help of Geographic
Information System (GIS) platform and a simulative system with graphical interface.
The urban population growth, economic development, energy consumption,
growing transportation demand and living standards play major role in pollution
exposure in atmosphere. A lot of research has already been done to investigate the
functional relationship between air quality and air pollution from transport. This
study is an effort to develop a more flexible framework of model to find the
exposure of the air pollution in the atmosphere. This review article describes the
development of framework of different GIS inputs that help to find the exposure of
vehicular pollution in megacity.
Keywords
Dispersion, Pollution Exposure, GIS Application, Urban Air Quality, Vehicular Emission.
Development of Animation Teaching Media on the Topic of The Property of The Father
Preedawon Kadmateekarun and Sumitra Nuanmeesri
Full Text
Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop animation teaching media on the
topic of The Property of the Father to teach for students to understand the concept of
sufficiency. The animation was developed to evaluate the performance of a sample of 50
grade 4-5 students at Wat Don Sali School. The results were as the achievement of the
students who were taught with the animation was .05 significantly and students had a high
level of satisfaction with the animation.
Keywords
Animation, teaching media, sufficiency
SSSTJ - Vol.1 No.1, July 2014
Available items to download
Detection of Aflatoxin Producing Aspergillus flavus in Post-harvest Contaminated Vigna ungulculata Seeds
Ajay Kumar Gautam
Full Text
Abstract
The present study was carried out with a specific objective to study postharvest spoilage of Lobhiya(Vigna unguiculata)
seeds contaminated with Aspergillus flavus. Infected seeds were collected and cultured on potato dextroseagar(PDA) media, at 25±2 °C.Aspergillus
flavus isolates were primarily characterized by its morphological and microscopic characteristics. Collected fungal isolates were also screened
for their afaltoxigenic nature on preliminary basis and at molecular level.For preliminary screening, 5 mm disc of fungal culture was soaked with
few drops of liquid ammonia. Color change from yellow pigment to plum - red with different intensities showed the mycotoxic nature of the fungus.
DNA from fungal isolates was isolated and amplified using PCR with aflatoxin specific primers, apa - 2, ver - 1 and omt-1. Amplicons of 1032 bp,
895 bp and 596 bp were obtained in most of the isolates regardless of primer set used which was useful to differentiate between mycotoxic and nontoxic
isolates of A.flavus. The isolation of aflatoxigenic strains of A.flavus during post - harvest period of lobhiya seeds raise a serious concern over
the quality of seeds and a threat to heath of consumers. It was concluded that Aspergillus flavus is responsible for postharvest spolilage of Lobhiya(Vigna unguiculata).
Keywords
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., post-harvest spoilage, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxins.
Sustainability: an Approach in Planning to Raise the Quality of Life Through Open Space Development
Sonal Y. Khobragade
Full Text
Abstract
A presentation of the notion of sustainable development through the eye of a
town planner, by elucidating how open space development would change the character of
the city and augment towards harmony in the socio-environmental chords of sustainable
development. It is an attempt to put forward awareness about the sustainability and
environmental risk to ultimately reconcile ecological, social and economic factors of
society. It is an attempt to reflect on socio-environmental dimension of the open space
planning by addressing urban metamorphosis.
Keywords
Sustainability, Urban metamorphosis, Environmental risk, Diversity, Open space development, Quality of life, People’s participation
Interactive e-Learning system for Thalassemia: a Case of University Hospital in Thailand
Phanu Waraporn
Full Text
Abstract
Though most medical students are from top of the classes, it is no secret that
gaining real-life work experience and advancing their careers require years of practical and
hand-on experiences. To address the perceived skill and to bridge gaps, a first-hand
solution is launched in the form of a prototype being developed that take a unique spin on
e-Learning system with interactive content. The tool is tested with domain expert and
various levels of medical students and their anonymity. The preliminary result is shown to
be satisfactory for more coverage.
Keywords
e-Learning, Interactive Content, Prototype, Medical Studies, Anonymity
Wild Elephant Conservation Using Sound Waves to Obstruct Them from Plantations: a Case Study at Kui Buri District, Thailand
Pratheep Meewattana and Chollathorn Chamnarnkid
Full Text
Abstract
A trial of the 2,300-2,800 Hz band of frequency in sound waves were made more
intense in decibels (dB), similar to a firecracker or firecracker ball was made for use of the
local people to dislodge and/or obstruct wild elephants from agricultural areas (pineapple
plantations) within Kui Buri District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. The 3 point
source was checked between 10 -50 meters, sound sources to the elephants in distances and
loudness are as discussed later; firecracker balls were 151, 142, 138, 128, 119 decibels
(dB), firecrackers were 99, 95, 91, 85, 72 dB, and the frequency of the sound waves (2,800
Hz) were 85, 80, 74, 70, 62 dB, respectively. The results can be analyzed through the
laboratory and fundamentals of sound wave, anatomy and physiology of mammals,
including comparisons to the standard sound intensities of the Acoustical Society of
America (ASA). The energy and pressure of firecracker ball is strong and were transferred
into some auditory mechanisms and behaviors of wild elephants. As a consequence, the
elephant’s auditory mechanism has been affected from the energy and pressure; at least 1
individual of wild elephant had shown sensorineural hearing loss in the case study, their
behavior became more aggressive and more easily angered.
Keywords
Wild Elephant, Conservation, Sound Wave, Kui Buri District, Thailand
Bird Diversity in Fruit Gardens in Bang Nang Li Sub-district, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province
Nitinarth Charoenpokaraj
Full Text
Abstract
This research is quantitative and qualitative explorative research. The purposes
of this research was 1) to study bird species, feeding behavior, abundance and status in
study area 2) to study activities in utilization of birds in the study site. The data was
obtained by interviewing the owners of fruit gardens and field surveys of bird species,
activities of birds in habitat utilization in three kinds of organic fruit gardens namely;
lychee garden, coconut garden, and pomelo garden in Bang Nang Li Sub-district,
Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province from October 2012 – September 2013. The
result of bird survey in 3 gardens found 31 families and 61 species of birds. 52 bird species
were found the most in organic pomelo gardens. In feeding habitats, insectivorous,
piscivorous, granivorous, nectrivorous birds and aquatic invertebrate feeding birds were
found. Abundance level of birds in organic fruit gardens was at level 5. 23 bird species
were frequently found. 43 bird species were found in November because migratory birds
came to utilize the study site. According to the status of bird species, 48 resident bird
species, 6 resident and 7 migrant bird species were found in organic fruit gardens. The
birds’ activities in fruit gardens were feeding and nesting.
Keywords
Samut Songkram Province, Fruit gardens, Bird diversity.